In trans GSK872 clinical trial expression of RpfR harboring a mutation in the GGDEF motif (changed to GGAAF) complemented the AHL signal production defects of the rpfR mutant (Additional file 2: Figure S2). In contrast, mutation of the EAL motif (changed to AAL) failed to complement the AHL signal production of the rpfR mutant (Additional file 2: Figure S2), To further confirm the change of intracellular c-di-GMP level could affect AHL signal production, we expressed in trans the wspR gene from GSK126 manufacturer Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which encodes a well-characterized

c-di-GMP synthase [20], and the DNA sequences encoding the GGDEF domain of RpfR in B. cenocepacia wild-type strain H111. Bioassay results showed that increasing intracellular level of c-di-GMP by expressing either the c-di-GMP synthase WspR or the GGDEF domain of RpfR in B. cenocepacia wild-type strain H111 caused a reduction of AHL signal production by about 34% and 18%, respectively, compared with the wild type control containing empty vector only (Figure 4).

We then in trans expressed the rocR gene from P. aeruginosa encoding a known c-di-GMP phosphodiesterase [21], and the DNA fragment encoding the EAL domain of RpfR in the BDSF-minus mutant ΔrpfFBc, separately. The results showed that decreasing the intracellular c-di-GMP level by expression of c-di-GMP degradation proteins RocR and the EAL of RpfR increased AHL signal production by about 29% and 46%, respectively, compared with the parental strain ΔrpfFBc (Figure 4). We have shown previously that in trans expression of the c-di-GMP synthase CB-839 cell line GGDEF domain of RpfR diminished the swarming motility, biofilm formation, and protease activity of △rpfFBc,

whereas in tans expression of RocR, a c-di-GMP phosphodiesterase, significantly increased the motility, biofilm formation and protease production of ∆rpfFBc[14]. Similarly, we found that in trans expression of the c-di-GMP synthase WspR diminished the swarming motility (Additional file 3: Figure S3A), biofilm formation (Additional file 3: Figure S3B), and protease activity (Additional file 3: Figure S3C) of ∆rpfFBc to the level of double deletion mutant ∆rpfFBc∆cepI, whereas in tans expression of RocR, a c-di-GMP phosphodiesterase, significantly increased Tolmetin the motility, biofilm formation and protease production of ∆rpfFBc (Additional file 3: Figure S3A-C). Taken together, these results demonstrated that BDSF system controls AHL signal production and influences the bacterial physiology via modulation of the intracellular c-di-GMP level in B. cenocepacia H111. Figure 4 Effect of intracellular c-di-GMP level on AHL signal production. In trans expression of the c-di-GMP synthases, WspR from P. aeruginosa or the GGDEF domain of RpfR, in wild type H111 led to decreased AHL signal production; while overexpression of the c-di-GMP phosphodiesterases, RocR from P.