All rights reserved.”
“In this study, short
echo time (1)H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) was applied for quantification of neurometabolites using the LC Model algorithm in Taiwanese adolescents with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Proton magnetic resonance spectra were acquired bilaterally on the prefrontal area (part of the anterior cingulate selleck inhibitor gyrus and part of the medial frontal gyrus) in 15 adolescents with ADHD (average age of 13.88 years) and 22 controls (average age of 14.85 years). Absolute metabolite levels and ratios relative to creatine plus phosphocreatine (Cr + PCr) were obtained to be compared between groups. Results showed that adolescents with ADHD had significantly lower mean right prefrontal levels of Cr + PCr as compared with the controls. No significant differences between groups were noted in the remainder of the prefrontal metabolites. As for the group comparison of relative ratios, the N-acetylaspartate/Cr + PCr ratio was significantly Defactinib datasheet higher in the right prefrontal regions of ADHD adolescents. This finding provides evidence of a right prefrontal neurochemical alteration in ADHD adolescents, which is consistent with current ADHD theory of prefrontal neuropathology with developmental mechanism. In addition, it
highlights the importance of the method in interpretation of MRS findings in the context of ADHD. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“First episodes (FE) of psychosis may evolve or not to schizophrenia in ensuing years. but there is a lack of reliable predictors of which patients will have to face such an unfavorable outcome. Given the replicated structural alterations of the brain in schizophrenia, it seems advisable to assess click here whether the alterations of this kind that can be detected at the time of an initial psychotic episode are different depending
on the outcome of the patients. To this end, here we applied voxel-based morphometry to assess whether the degree of cerebral abnormalities differ between 30 FE patients who evolved to schizophrenia in the ensuing 2 years and another 14 FE patients who could not be diagnosed as such during that period. Forty-one controls were also included in the study. We found that the FE patients who evolved to schizophrenia had a significantly lower GM value than the controls bilaterally in the left dorsolateral prefrontal (BA 9) and in left anterior cingulate (BA 33) regions while the FE patients who did not develop schizophrenia showed a distinct, right-sided pattern of deviation (visual cortex, superior temporal gyrus and inferior frontal). The direct comparison between FE patients who evolved or not evolved to schizophrenia did not reveal significant differences. Taken together, our results support the notion that brain abnormalities may be different in psychotic FE patients depending on their evolution in the medium term. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.