7 mm and 4 mm diameter) through the direct paraseptal or the transethmoidal or the transpterygoid route.

Results: Overall, 29 operations were performed. Gross total tumor resection was obtained in 22 children (81.5%) while a subtotal and a partial removal in 2 (7.5%) and 3 cases (11%), respectively. Pituitary adenoma was the most common histotype (12 cases), followed by craniopharyngioma (5) and Rathke’s cleft cyst (4). No surgical mortality or neurological morbidity or late nasal complications were observed. Postoperative CSF

fistula occurred in 3 patients. All children are alive at current follow-up (average: 8.6 years). Preoperative hypopituitarism disappeared or improved in 4 cases and was stable in see more the remaining 2 (no new hormone deficits Linsitinib Protein Tyrosine Kinase inhibitor appeared).

Conclusion: EETS is a safe and effective surgical option also in children. As for adults, it allows to manage most of the tumor lesions of the sellar region with stable long-term results. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“AimTo determine if reduced fetal growth in infants of opioid-dependent mothers prescribed methadone maintenance in pregnancy is explained by cigarette smoking

or socio-economic deprivation.

DesignRetrospective cohort study.

SettingInner-city maternity unit in Scotland.

ParticipantsA total of 366 singleton infants of methadone-prescribed opioid-dependent mothers compared with the Scottish birth population (n=103366) as a whole.

MeasurementsPrimary outcome measures were birth weight and head circumference.

FindingsIn infants of methadone-prescribed opioid-dependent eFT508 mothers mean birth weight was 259g [95% confidence interval (CI) 214-303g; P<0.0001] less, and mean head circumference 1.01cm (95% CI 0.87-1.15cm; P<0.0001) less than in controls, allowing for gestation, cigarette smoking, area deprivation, infant sex and maternal age and parity. This represents an adjusted difference of -0.61 (95% CI -0.52–0.71; P<0.0001)

Z-score in mean birth weight and -0.77 (95% CI -0.66–0.89; P<0.0001) Z-score in mean head circumference.

ConclusionsReduced fetal growth in infants of opioid-dependent mothers prescribed methadone maintenance in pregnancy is not fully explained by cigarette smoking, area deprivation, maternal age or parity.”
“An immunotoxin (IT) constructed with RFB4, a murine anti-CD22 monoclonal antibody, and the “”deglycosylated”" A chain of ricin has shown activity at safe doses in patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma and in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The dose limiting toxicity is vascular leak syndrome (VLS), which appears to be due to a unique amino acid motif in the ricin toxin A (RTA) chain that damages vascular endothelial cells. We mutated recombinant (r) RTA to disable this site, but await testing of the IT prepared with this mutant RTA in humans.