Clinical LDN-193189 studies in Behcet disease have provided us with clearer definitions of the vascular and central nervous system involvement in Behcet disease. An international effort to delineate the characteristics of pediatric patients has shown us that we need pediatric classification criteria in children with higher sensitivity. As to the treatment of the disease, new biological drugs seem to offer promising results in resistant cases.

Summary The new pathways defined in the disease will not only help us better understand the pathogenesis,

but also help us in more targeted therapy. Although pediatric cases are being increasingly recognized, the heterogeneity of the disease presents an obstacle for studies. Thus, we can reach conclusive results with multicenter studies only.”
“Bladder paraganglioma (BP) is a rare entity and is exceedingly uncommon in childhood. Pheochromocytomas/paragangliomas are components of several hereditary cancer syndromes, and up to 30% may be associated with germ-line mutations of genes, including VHL, RET, and SDH. We present a 16-year-old female who was admitted

with macroscopic hematuria and anemia. A cystoscopy demonstrated a polypoid PB 203580 and hemorrhagic mass arising from the floor of the bladder. She underwent a transurethral resection of clinically suspected urothelial papilloma. A histologic examination of the tumor showed large polygonal cells with eosinophilic cytoplasm, arranged in a zellballen pattern, surrounded by a fibrous network. Immunohistochemical studies showed a strong expression of neuroendocrine markers and lack of reactivity for epithelial markers. The diagnosis of BP was established; eight months later, a recurrence was observed and the patient underwent a partial cystectomy. Our case represents the 1st BP in childhood reported in the literature with absent SDHB staining by immunohistochemistry. We discuss the clinical and pathologic findings and present a review of BP in childhood.”
“This

paper discusses the effects of eddy currents induced in an electrically conducting plate which is placed in the airgap of a linear synchronous actuator with moving permanent magnets. The eddy currents induced in this plate, which is part of a controlled find more atmosphere chamber, cause not only damping but also deteriorate the actuator performance by disturbing the position measurement with Hall sensors. Furthermore, feed-forward controllers are less effective due to the suppression of high frequent armature fields. These effects are analyzed with an analytical model and verified with finite element simulations and measurements. (C) 2009 American Institute of Physics. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3076421]“
“Purpose of review Scleroderma, in its localized and systemic presentation, represents the third most frequent rheumatic condition in childhood after juvenile idiopathic arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. Early diagnosis, appropriate assessment and effective treatment are crucial to improve the long-term outcome.