06 + 0.15 eV. The current variation ratios [Delta J(g)/J(g)(0)] during constant voltage stressing were found to decrease with raising gate stress voltages for the trilayer stack in comparison with that [Delta J(g)/J(g)(0)] increase with raising gate stress voltages for the two-layer HfO2/SiO2 stack. Shallow

traps located in HfO2 were supposed to be major trapping centers within the trilayer stack. The proposed method of in situ oxidation during dc sputtering is of merit and low in process temperature. The trilayer dielectric stacks are an alternative option for nonvolatile memory application, especially under the consideration of low temperature limitation. (C) 2009 American Institute of Physics. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3120942]“
“Background: Enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) for infantile-onset Pompe disease effectively reduces the left ventricular (LV) mass. Dinaciclib This study sought to explore detailed process of LV reverse remodeling after ERT with the use of tissue Doppler and stain rate imaging.

Methods and Results: Nine infants and children with Pompe cardiomyopathy undergoing ERT for >= 1 year, as well as 36 healthy control subjects, were studied. Global

systolic and diastolic function was evaluated by peak systolic and early-diastolic velocity at mitral mTOR inhibitor annulus. Temporal systolic and diastolic dyssynchrony was evaluated by the coefficient of variation of the time from the QRS complex to peak systolic and early-diastolic strain rate among 12 LV segments. All pre-ERT patients had impaired global systolic and diastolic

function as well as increased regional dyssynchrony (P < .001 for each of all). During the regression of LV hypertrophy, all of these functional indices improved (P for trend < .001), with temporal diastolic dyssynchrony being a significant factor linking to LV mass index in multivariate analysis (P < .001).

Conclusions: ERT improved global LV function and dyssynchrony in Pompe patients. The relationship between LV mass and temporal diastolic dyssynchrony during reverse remodeling suggested a pathophysiologic role of dyssynchrony in Pompe cardiomyopathy. (J Cardiac Fail 2011;17:930-930″
“BackgroundIn order to replace petrochemicals by bio-based lignin products in high value-added selleck kinase inhibitor applications, a formic/acetic acid treatment was adapted to beech wood (Fagus sylvatica L.) for lignin extraction.

ResultsBeech wood particles were delignified at atmospheric pressure by a formic acid/acetic acid/water mixture. Cooking time and temperature were optimized for delignification, pulp yield and 2-furfural concentration. Response surface design analysis revealed that delignification yield increased with cooking time and temperature.

ConclusionThe multi-criteria optimization of delignification was used to find the ideal cooking conditions (5 h 07 min, 104.2 degrees C) to maximize delignification (70.5%) and pulp yield (58.7%) and, to a lesser extent, minimize 2-furfural production.