5 mL of 0.01 M HAuCl4?3H2O (Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), 0.5 mL of 0.01 M trisodium citrate (WAKO Chemical, Osaka, Japan). The substrate sample was kept for 30 min in the solution to facilitate selleck chem Rucaparib gold ions adsorption onto the substrate surface and after that a 0.5 mL of ice-cold 0.1 M NaBH4 (WAKO Chemical) was then added to the solution to induce the formation of gold nanoseeds on the surface. The addition of NaBH4 into the solution changed the solution appearance from colorless to red, an indication of nanoseed formation. The substrate was further kept in the solution for another 1 h. After that, the sample was taken out, rinsed with pure water and dried with a flow of nitrogen gas. Using this approach, gold nanoseeds with sizes ranging from 2 to 5 nm could be obtained on the surface.
The nanoseeds on the substrate surface were then grown by immersing the substrate into a solution that contains 20 mL of 0.1 M CTAB (Amresco, Solon, OH, USA), 0.1 mL of 0.1 M ascorbic acid (WAKO Chemical) and 0.5 mL of 0.01 M HAuCl4?3H2O (Aldrich). A reddish color on the substrate may be observed within seconds after the substrate immersion into this solution indicating the formation of the gold nanoparticles. Gold nanoparticles with different size could be realized on the surface by varying the immersion time in the solution. Next, the substrate was removed and then rinsed thoroughly with a copious amount of pure water and dried with a stream of nitrogen gas. Finally, the sample was annealed at 200 ��C in air for 1 h to remove any organic residues on the surface.2.1.2.
Nanorod PreparationThe gold nanorods in solution were prepared following the technique developed by Nikoobakht and El-Sayed [31] with several modifications [32]. In this technique, two solutions were prepared for the growth of nanorods, namely seed solution and growth solution. Firstly, gold seed solution was prepared by adding 0.25 mL of 0.005 M HAuCl4?3H2O into 5 mL of 0.2 M CTAB and shaken for 1 min to mix the solution. Next, fresh
Ambient Intelligence (AmI) is a vision of smart environments that are reactive to people and able to make our actions safer, more efficient, more informed, more comfortable or simply more enticing. In this vision our environments will be embedded with different types of sensing systems, pervasive devices, and networks that can perceive and react to people [1].
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