antigen is likely to be combined with other antigens to develop a powerful multiantigen program delivered by Salmonella to stop infection by S. pneumoniae. Streptococcus pneumoniae is a human pathogen causing substantial morbidity and mortality worldwide, particularly in developing countries. It causes respiratory infections, otitis press, sinusitis, and invasive diseases including pneumonia, meningitis, and bacteremia. S. pneumoniae causes over 1 million deaths worldwide each year among children under 5 years old. The current 23 valent capsular polysaccharide vaccine elicits PF299804 ic50 immunity in persons higher than 2 years of age, and the current conjugate polysaccharide protein pneumococcal vaccine provides protection for those under the age of 2 years. However, protection is fixed to only the limited amount of serotypes included in the vaccine formulation, and its use is limited by the expensive production costs in developing countries. Furthermore, serotype alternative has been observed in vaccinated populations and an increase in attacks by pneumococcal serotypes maybe not included in the 7 valent conjugated polysaccharide vaccine Lymphatic system has been described recently. In some places, up to 660-foot of youth pressures wouldn’t be included. Treatment of pneumococcal diseases is now more challenging because of the upsurge in multiple drug-resistant pneumococcal strains. These dilemmas reinforce the necessity for less expensive, broadly defensive strategies for immunization against pneumococcal infection. Many pneumococcal proteins have now been under investigation as possible vaccine candidates, including pneumococcal surface protein C, pneumococcal surface protein A, and pneumolysin. PspA can be a virulence factor expressed by all clinical S. pneumoniae isolates. It contains five domains: a signal peptide, a charged and helical site that contains a strong 7 residue periodicity common of coiled coil meats, a proline Ubiquitin conjugation inhibitor rich region which is highly conserved in most S and covers the cell wall. pneumoniae strains, a binding domain composed of 10-20 aa repeats that anchors the protein to the cell surface, and a C terminal 17 aa trail. The helical region is variable in length and amino acid sequence, however the antibodies from this region are defensive and crossreactive. PspA proteins have been grouped into three families capturing six different clades in line with the C terminal 100 aa of the region. Family 1 is comprised of clades 1 and 2, family 2 is comprised of clades 3, 4, and 5, and family 3 includes clade 6. S. pneumoniae strains expressing family one or two PspA meats represent 98% of clinical isolates. To accommodate this variability, it was proposed that a combination of two PspA antigens, one from one from PspA family 2 and PspA family 1, could elicit protection against a large proportion of S. pneumoniae strains.