(C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3574443]“
“Background: Delayed onset of lactogenesis (OL) is most common in primiparas and increases the risk of excess neonatal weight loss, formula
supplementation, and early weaning.
Objective: We examined variables associated with delayed OL among first-time mothers who delivered at term and initiated breastfeeding (n = 431).
Design: We conducted in-person interviews during pregnancy and at days 0, 3, and 7 postpartum and extracted obstetric and newborn information from 3-MA order medical records. We defined OL as delayed if it occurred after 72 h and used chi-square analysis to examine its association with potential risk factors across 6 dimensions: 1) prenatal characteristics, 2) maternal anthropometric characteristics, 3) labor and delivery experience, 4) newborn characteristics, 5) maternal postpartum factors, and 6) infant feeding variables. We examined independent associations by using multivariable logistic regression analysis.
Results: Median OL was 68.9 h postpartum; 44% of mothers experienced delayed OL. We observed significant bivariate associations between delayed OL and variables in all 6 dimensions
Temsirolimus datasheet (P < 0.05). In a multivariate model adjusted for prenatal feeding intentions, independent risk factors for delayed OL were maternal age >= 30 y, body mass index in the overweight or obese range, birth weight >3600 g, absence of nipple discomfort between 0-3 d postpartum, and infant failing to “”breastfeed well”" >= 2 times in the first 24 h. Postpartum edema was significant in an alternate model excluding body mass index (P < 0.05).
Conclusions: The risk factors for delayed OL are multidimensional. Public health and obstetric and maternity care interventions are needed to address what has become an alarmingly common
problem among primiparas. Am J Clin Nutr 2010;92:574-84.”
“In this study, the effect of oil fly ash (OFA), a by-product of oil fuel power plants, on the rheological and morphological behavior of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) is investigated. As received and acid-functionalized OFA (COOH-OFA) Anlotinib ic50 are used to examine the effect of surface modification of OFA on polymer-filler composites. LDPE/OFA composites were prepared by melt mixing with filler loading in the range 1-10 wt %. The results are compared with pure LDPE. The effect of polyethylene-grafted-maleic anhydride (PEg-MA) as a compatibilizer was also studied. Both viscous and elastic properties of composites increased with OFA loading especially at low frequency. The surface modification of OFA has influenced the properties of OFA. As-received OFA showed some agglomeration at high loading that resulted in two-phase system as described by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Cole-Cole plot.