CONCLUSIONS

Subjects with preexisting cardiovascular conditions who were receiving long-term sibutramine treatment had an increased risk of nonfatal myocardial infarction and nonfatal stroke but NF-��B inhibitor not of cardiovascular death or death from any cause.”
“Purpose: Urological characteristics of renal ectopia have been addressed previously but little is known about the functional consequences. We sought to study renal function, blood pressure, proteinuria and urological abnormalities in children with renal ectopia. As a secondary objective, we compared these parameters between simple and crossed ectopia.

Materials and Methods:

For this retrospective, single center, observational study we reviewed case documents and radiological records. We also analyzed longitudinal data on blood pressure, proteinuria and kidney function.

Results: Renal ectopia was diagnosed in 41 cases, of which 26 (63%) were simple renal ectopia, ie unilateral pelvic kidney. In 32% of patients the selleck chemicals diagnosis was made during prenatal screening. Median patient age was 0.24 years at diagnosis and 7.7 years at the most recent control visit. Associated urological abnormalities were found in 66% of patients. Voiding cystourethrography was performed

in all patients, with vesicoureteral reflux shown in 13. In 8 of 10 cases with unilateral reflux the condition manifested in the orthotopic kidney. The relative function of the ectopic kidney on dimercapto-succinic acid scan was 38%, and in 22% of patients glomerular filtration selleck inhibitor rate was less than 90 ml per minute per 1.73 m(2). Albuminuria and proteinuria were absent in most cases. Longitudinal analysis of blood pressure, glomerular filtration rate and albuminuria revealed a stable course for all parameters. No substantial difference was observed between simple and crossed renal

ectopia.

Conclusions: Our data suggest no adverse, effects on blood pressure or kidney function in children with renal ectopia. However, periodic followup seems warranted, at least until young adulthood.”
“BACKGROUND

In observational studies, the relationship between blood pressure and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) is direct and progressive. The burden of hypertension-related chronic kidney disease and ESRD is especially high among black patients. Yet few trials have tested whether intensive blood-pressure control retards the progression of chronic kidney disease among black patients.

METHODS

We randomly assigned 1094 black patients with hypertensive chronic kidney disease to receive either intensive or standard blood-pressure control. After completing the trial phase, patients were invited to enroll in a cohort phase in which the blood-pressure target was less than 130/80 mm Hg. The primary clinical outcome in the cohort phase was the progression of chronic kidney disease, which was defined as a doubling of the serum creatinine level, a diagnosis of ESRD, or death. Follow-up ranged from 8.8 to 12.2 years.