Experiments confirmed that initial glucose concentration affects cell growth, AR production and metabolites, significantly. The flux distribution at the key nodes of glucose-6-phosphate (G6P), pyruvate (PYR) and acetyl coenzyme-A (AcCoA) could be affected by changing the glucose concentration. Based on kinetic analysis of specific rates, the low-glucose concentration was better for both cell growth and AR production during the first 12 h. However, the high-glucose concentration was more favorable for AR formation after 18 h. Furthermore, different simplified feeding strategies were designed to achieve higher AR accumulation. The final AR concentration of 15.60 g L-1 was achieved when
an optimized constant-feeding strategy was used, which was 21.02 selleck chemicals % higher than batch
fermentation. This was the first time to investigate the regulation of the glucose metabolism of AR-producing B. subtilis.”
“Purpose The relevance of pancreatic trauma in severely injured patients within a large collective has not been thoroughly analyzed yet. This study aimed at assessing the prevalence of pancreatic trauma in relation to the outcome and the currently established algorithm of treatment.
Methods Some 51,425 patients from the Trauma Register of the German Society CH5424802 of Trauma Surgery (TR DGU) (1993-2009) were retrospectively analyzed. All patients with an “”injury severity score”" >= 16, direct admission to a trauma center and subsequent treatment for at least 3 days, age >= 16, and an abdominal injury [abbreviated injury scale (AIS) abdomen >= 2] were included. Patients with abdominal trauma AIS(abdomen) >= 2) were compared with patients with an additional pancreatic trauma (AIS(pancreas)2-5).
Results Of 51,425 patients, 9,268 (18%) had documented abdominal injuries. Two hundred eighty-four (3.1%) patients with abdominal injury additionally showed a pancreatic HDAC inhibitor injury (AIS(abdomen) >= 2, AIS(pancreas) 2-5) and were analyzed in dependency of the classification of the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma (AAST) organ severity score. AAST-pancreas:
II degrees, 1.9%; III degrees, 0.6%; IV degrees, 0.3%; and V degrees, 0.2%. Patients with leading pancreatic injury (grades IV and V) thereby showed a significant increase of mortality (IV degrees, 30.0% and V degrees, 33.3%) and an increase of the need for surgical intervention (IV degrees, 80.6% and V degrees : 81.8%).
Conclusions The results presented here show the prevalence and the outcome of pancreas injury in a large collective within the TR DGU for the first time. Based on the current literature and the findings, a treatment algorithm has been developed.”
“The activity of anaerobic sulfate reduction was studied using sulfate-reducing bacteria isolated from the water produced from a Brazilian oil reservoir.