Inflammation is a main factor in the initiation, progression, and acute complications of an atherosclerotic plaque [2]. Resveratrol has shown significant cardiovascular protective effects [3] in models of myocardial injury [4] and [5], systemic and pulmonary hypertension [6], and type 2 diabetes [7]. Several cardioprotective mechanisms of resveratrol, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-fibrotic actions, have been identified [8]. The low in vivo bioavailability caused by rapid resveratrol metabolism and elimination, its major disadvantages, limits the results for patient studies [9]. Boron

is a bioactive element for humans and boron-containing compounds present different biological activities [10]. Calcium fructoborate (CF) is INCB024360 a complex of calcium, fructose, and boron found naturally in fresh and dried fruits, vegetables,

herbs, and wine [11] and [12]. In previous studies, the effect of CF on human polymorphonuclear neutrophils and macrophages, which play a central role in the inflammatory response, has Omipalisib purchase been investigated [13] and [14]. Two very recent studies have provided important information on the possible molecular anti-inflammatory activity of CF in the treatment of osteoarthritis [15] and [16]. The purpose of this controlled pilot study was to assess the short-term synergistic effect of resveratrol in combination with CF on the clinical and biological statuses of subjects with stable angina pectoris. The combination of these two substances was based on the fact that CF acts as a stabilizer for resveratrol degradation in the digestive tract [17]. Furthermore, CF might present a positive synergism together

with resveratrol, increasing the anti-inflammatory properties of the former and the biological efficacy of the latter as an antioxidant agent. The study was randomized, double-blinded, active-controlled, Amine dehydrogenase and paralleled with three groups of subjects who received the test drugs and one control group of subjects who were not randomized. This single-center trial was approved by the institutional ethics committee of the Craiova Cardiology Center (Craiova, Romania) according to decision no. 400 in February 2010. The trial also was in accord with the Declaration of Helsinki of 1975, which was last reviewed in 2008. Placebo was not admitted by the hospital bioethics commission owing to ethical considerations. Nevertheless, this trial had a control group with subjects who fulfilled inclusion criteria, but they received only their usual medical care and treatment, without any test materials, during the clinical trial. The number of total enrolled subjects was 166 (Fig. 1). Of 116 subjects who met the inclusion criteria, 87 were included in the intention-to-treat analysis, divided into three groups (29 subjects in each group), and all completed the entire protocol.