It is anticipated that the reduced treatment burden and improved dose consistency afforded by TIP may translate into improved tech support treatment compliance and better therapeutic outcomes for CF patients with Pa airway infections. Acknowledgments The authors take full responsibility for the content of the paper. Writing and editorial assistance (funded by Novartis Pharma AG) was provided by Melanie Stephens, ACUMED?, UK. Author Disclosure Statement Dr. Geller has relationships with Aires, Aradigm, Bayer, CSL Behring, Discovery Labs, Genentech, Gilead Sciences, Inc., MAP Pharmaceuticals, Mpex, NanoBio, Novartis Pharmaceuticals, Pharmaxis, Philips Respironics, Teva, Talecris, and Vertex. Silvia Heuerding and Jeffry Weers are employees of Novartis Pharmaceuticals.
The gastrointestinal tract of animals harbors a complex microbial community, and the composition of this community ultimately reflects the co-evolution of microorganisms with their animal host and the diet adopted by the host [1]. As a result of the issues related to health and disease, the structure and function of the gut microbial community of humans has received significant attention from researchers. Previous studies have proven that the microbiomes of non-human primates (NHPs) exhibit a much higher similarity with those of primates than with other animals [1]. Therefore, the study of the microbiota from these NHPs provides important insights into the reflection of their features in humans. However, only a few reported culture-independent studies on fecal microbiota of non-human primates [2]�C[9] are available, leading to limited comparative data on the intestinal microbiota of primates, either in captivity or in the wild.
More extensive surveys of primate gastrointestinal microbiomes, particularly prosimian primates, about which little research work has been done [7], combined with comparative analyses of their microbiomes with those of humans are necessary to better understand the evolution of humans and their microbiome. The pygmy loris (Nycticebus pygmaeus) is a small rare nocturnal prosimian primate found mainly in Vietnam, Laos, and China. Being nocturnal, the prosimians are less known than other primates, but are nonetheless important. Given that previous culture-independent 16S rRNA gene-based analyses have revealed impressive microbial diversity in the pygmy loris feces [7], these analyses offer limited information on the physiological role of microbial consortia within a given gut environment. Random sequencing of the metagenomes has allowed Cilengitide scientists to reveal significant differences in metabolic potential within different environments [10].