It is believed to account for more than 12 million deaths annually. Although it was pre viously demonstrated that dietary RPO protects www.selleckchem.com/products/PF-2341066.html the heart against ischemiareperfusion induced Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries injury, the pre cise molecular mechanisms are still unclear. RPO is a natural oil obtained from oil palm fruit. It is high in palmitic acid and oleic acid with natural fat soluble tocopherol, tocotrienol and carotonoids, which may act as antioixants. Despite the high saturated fat content of RPO, several studies have demonstrated that RPO is associated with better recovery and protection of hearts submitted to ischaemiareper fusion. RPO supplementation also caused differen tial phosphorylation of the MAPKs which were associated with improved functional recovery and reduced apoptosis.

This indicated that the improved physiological function Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries associated with RPO supplementation, was due to the cellular signaling effects of RPO, both through the NO cGMP pathway or the pro survival Akt pathway. These studies suggest that a combination of carotonoids, lycopene, Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries pro vitamin E and fatty acids provide more pro tections than one individual component. The serinethreonine protein kinase, protein kinase B, is a crucial regulator of widely divergent cellular processes including apoptosis, cell proliferation, differentia tion and metabolism. Several researchers have reported that activation Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries of PI3 K and Akt play an impor tant role in promoting cardiomyocyte survival and func tion in models of cardiac injury. Therefore, disruption of normal PI3 K signaling pathway during ischaemiareperfusion induced injury should therefore be considered as a potential target for therapy.

However, as far as we know, no evidence exits for the interaction between RPO and the PI3 K signaling pathway during reperfusion. In order to assess the possible mecha nisms of protection, the isolated perfused rat heart model with the aid of a PI3 K inhibitor, wortmannin was used to assess signaling proteins after RPO supplementa tion. Results Percentage Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries Rate Pressure Product Recovery RPO supplementation caused an increase in % RPP recov Gemcitabine hydrochloride ery at 10 min during reperfusion when compared with the control group confirming results in previous similar studies. Our results also indicate that C Wn had an increased % RPP at the same time point, when compared to the control group. After 30 minutes of reperfusion, the % RPP in the RPO group was still significant higher compared to the control group. However, at this time point, there was also a significant difference between the RPO and the RPO Wn groups. Table 1 shows the pre ischaemic values of heart rate, developed pressure, rate pressure product and coronary flow in control and red palm oil groups. These values were used to calculate the % RPP.