Methods: After total thyroidectomy, 1 mg/ml adrenaline solution in 10 ml saline was sprayed all over the operation area by a syringe in 40 patients of “Adrenaline (+) Group”. In the other 40 patients in “Adrenaline (-) Group”, only standart total thyroidectomy was performed. Drainage amounts of 24 hours were recorded. Results: Among 80 patients, 66 (82.5%) were female

and 14 (17.5%) were male. The daily drainage amounts of the Adrenaline (+) Group were found statistically significantly lower than the Adrenaline (-) Group (p smaller than 0.05). In both of the groups, thyroid volumes were significantly correlated with the drainage amounts. “p” values were 0.008 and smaller than 0.001 in Adrenaline (+) and Adrenaline (-) Groups, respectively. Conclusions: selleck Preliminary experience using adrenaline has been encouraging and it is useful as an adjunct to thyroid surgery in order to prevent hemorrhagia AZD1208 and give up drain placement. But prospective

randomized trials using adequate patient numbers are still needed to validate efficacy and safety.”
“In mammals, the complex tissue-and developmental-specific expression of genes within the beta-globin cluster is known to be subject to control by the gene promoters, by a locus control region (LCR) located upstream of the cluster, and by sequence elements located across the intergenic regions. Despite extensive investigation, however, the complement of sequences FG-4592 ic50 that is required for normal regulation of chromatin structure and gene expression within the cluster is not fully defined. To further elucidate regulation of the adult beta-globin genes, we investigate the effects of two deletions engineered within the endogenous murine beta-globin locus. First, we find that deletion of the beta 2-globin gene promoter, while eliminating b2-globin gene expression, results in no additional effects on chromatin structure or gene expression within the cluster. Notably, our observations

are not consistent with competition among the beta-globin genes for LCR activity. Second, we characterize a novel enhancer located 3′ of the beta 2-globin gene, but find that deletion of this sequence has no effect whatsoever on gene expression or chromatin structure. This observation highlights the difficulty in assigning function to enhancer sequences identified by the chromatin “landscape” or even by functional assays.”
“The efficacy of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) for biomedical applications depends on the specic targeting capacity, blood circulation time and magnetic susceptibility. Functionalized chitosan-coated Fe3O4 nanoparticles (CS-coated Fe3O4 NPs) were synthesized by a non-solvent-aided coacervation procedure followed by a chemical crosslinking procedure.