METHODS: This cross-sectional study included healthy South African children from impoverished urban communities. Data were collected on household ETS and M. tuberculosis exposure, demographics, socio-economic and anthropometric data, M. tuberculosis infection, human immunodeficiency β-Nicotinamide virus and TB disease status.

RESULTS:

Among 196 children (median age 6.8 years, range 0.3-15.9), 97 (49.5%) were M. tuberculosis-infected (tuberculin skin test [TST] >= 10 mm) and 128 (65.3%) reported ETS exposure; of these, 81/128 (63.3%) were exposed to >= 2 household smokers. The presence of >= 2 household smokers was associated with M. tuberculosis infection in univariate analysis, irrespective of TST cut-off point. In analysis adjusting for M. tuberculosis exposure, socio-economic status, age and previous TB treatment, ETS exposure remained associated with M. tuberculosis infection. In univariate and multivariate analysis, pack-years of exposure were associated with risk of TB infection.

DISCUSSION:

Exposure to ETS is associated with M. tuberculosis infection in children after adjustment for multiple variables, with a dose-response relationship between the degree of ETS exposure and risk of infection. Public health interventions to reduce check details exposure to tobacco smoke among children in high TB burden settings are urgently needed.”
“Metastatic bone disease is a major contributor to the deterioration of the quality of life of patients with cancer; it causes pain, impending and actual pathological fractures, and loss of function and may also be associated with considerable metabolic alterations.

Operative treatment maybe required for an impending or existing fracture and intractable pain. The goals of surgery are to provide local tumor control and allow immediate weight-bearing and function. Radiation

therapy is often indicated postoperatively.

Detailed preoperative evaluation is required to assess the local extent of bone destruction and soft-tissue involvement, involvement of other skeletal sites, and the overall medical and oncological status.”
“We evaluated the efficacy of ethylenediamine-N,N,N’,N’-tetraacetic acid, disodium calcium salt (Ca-EDTA), as an inhibitor for New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase-1 (NDM-1) in vitro antibiotic susceptibility and in a mouse model of sepsis Ion Channel Ligand Library caused by Escherichia coli. Ca-EDTA drastically reduced the MICs of carbapenems for all NDM-producing bacteria [imipenem (IPM) a parts per thousand currency sign1-2 mu g/ml; meropenem (MEPM) a parts per thousand currency sign1-4 A mu g/ml]. In the neutropenic murine model of sepsis, the bacterial burden was further reduced by combination therapy using imipenem/cilastatin sodium (IPM/CS) and Ca-EDTA to 2.3 x 10(3) CFU/liver, compared with 2.9 x 10(4) CFU/liver for IPM/CS alone. These data demonstrated the possibility of Ca-EDTA for clinical applications.