Nemec and M. Schmoranz, personal communication). Details of the strain genealogy and characterization will be reported in a Emricasan manufacturer future study focused on variability of Serratia sp. colony morphology (M. Schmoranz, Z. Neubauer, AB and AM, in preparation). Bacteria have been grown under previously described standard conditions [23] on Nutrient Agar No2 (Imuna Pharm a.s., Order No T 382100001020) supplemented with 0.5% glucose, or on a medium obtained by solidifying Nutrient broth No2 (Imuna Pharm a.s., Order No V 382100000098) by addition of 1,5% agar, supplemented with 0,5% glucose, LY2090314 chemical structure with the same results.

The standard colony patterns have been also reproduced on standard LB medium with 0.5% glucose (not shown). Bacterial stocks have been maintained at -80°C as described previously [23]. New colonies were initiated (1) as clones from single cells, by classical sowing of bacterial suspension (in phosphate buffer); (2) by dropping such suspension on a defined place; (3) by dotting: from material taken by a sterile needle from an older body; (4) by streaking Androgen Receptor assay a mass of bacteria from an older colony using a sterile bacteriological loop; (5) by blotting from a continuous carpet of bacteria using plastic matrices of required

shape (made of disposable plastic tubes or pipette tips). To obtain conditioned agar, the agar plate was covered by cellulose membrane (Blanka, CSN 646811, Chemosvit), and macula was sown (by dropping) on top of the membrane. After 3 days, cellulose membrane with bacterial mass was removed. Signaling across compartments was studied in septum-divided Petri dishes providing isolated agar compartments, but sharing the gas phase (Gama Group a.s., order No 400901). Documentation Plates were photographed in situ using an Olympus digital camera under ambient or penetrating light (Fomei, LP-400 light panel, cold cathode light) or under magnification using a binocular Bupivacaine magnifier. Figures shown were selected from an extensive collection of primary photos from several repetitions of each experiment. Photoshop software was used to assemble

the plates but no image doctoring was performed except automatic adjustment of brightness and contrast in some cases. Mathematical modeling The model (see Additional file 1) has been developed and modeling performed in the freely available Python 2.6.4 environment [52] on a Windows-based PC. The model is designed as a one-dimensional continuous cellular automaton, where the row of “”cells”" represents a projection of the developing colony cross-section onto a level parallel with the substrate surface. Each “”cell”" is characterized by discrete values of (i) bacterial layer thickness (number of bacteria), (ii) state of the bacteria (depending on local conditions and in some cases also recent history; see Results), and (iii) in case of recently stationary bacteria also their “”age”", i.e. time elapsed since growth cessation.