The incorporation of oxybenzone into NLCs greatly increased the in vitro sun protection factor and erythemal UVA protection factor of oxybenzone more than six- and eightfold, respectively, while providing the advantage of overcoming side effects of free oxybenzone as evidenced by very low

irritation potential.”
“Hybrid structures of colloidal quantum dots (QDs) with Ru-dyes have been studied INCB018424 as candidates for panchromatic sensitizers for TiO2-based solar cells. Steady-state and time resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy and photocurrent measurements have been employed to identify the prevailing transfer mechanisms for photogenerated excitons between CdSe QDs capped with a traditional bulky organic ligand trioctylphosphine and Ru-dyes (N3 or Ru505) deposited onto inert glass or mesoporous TiO2 substrates. The type II energy level

alignment between SNX-5422 manufacturer the QDs and both N3 and Ru505 offers a possibility for the directional charge separation, with electrons transferred to the QDs and holes to the dye. This scenario is indeed valid for the QD/Ru505 and TiO2/QD/Ru505 hybrid systems, with the negligible spectral overlap between the emission of the QDs and the absorption of the Ru505 dye. For the QD/N3 and TiO2/QD/N3 hybrid systems, the spectral overlap favors the longer range energy transfer from the QDs to N3, Selleck PLX4032 independently of the presence of the electron acceptor TiO2. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3605486]“
“Four types of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/iodine complex films were made using different boric acid treatments to prepare polarizing films having high durability under humid and warm atmospheres and to identify the effects of the boric acid treatment method on the formation of the PVA/iodine polarizing film. The four types of films were a PVA iodinated

film(I), a PVA film that was iodinated and then treated with boric acid(I-B), a PVA film that was treated with boric acid and then iodinated(B-I), and a PVA film that was simultaneously treated with iodine and boric acid(I+B). The concentrations of I(2)/KI were 0.03, 0.05, and 0.07 mol/L, and the concentrations of boric acid were 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5 mol/L. Comparing four type films treated with 0.05 mol/L I(2)/KI and 0.5 mol/L boric acid, the conformation of PVA/iodine complexes for I-B film were larger than the others. The degrees of polarization (rho) of all of the films increased to very high levels (99.9%dagger). The durability of I-B was superior to B-I or I+B, and the change in the q was below 5% because the boric acid treated after iodine treatment reduced the molecular mobility of the PVA/iodine complex chains through intracrosslinking, so that the PVA/iodine complex could not easily collapse. (C) 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.