The percentage of positive or negative IMP3 with the relationship to p53 staining results was calculated by the total IMP3 positive or negative cases. Roxadustat solubility dmso The p values listed in the table represented the comparisons within the same group of patients showing different status of IMP3 and/or p53. IMP3 and p53 Expression in HGSC We further examined the expression of IMP3 and

p53 in the invasive components of HGSC in both study groups (STIC group, n = 48, and HGSC without STIC, n = 62). Within the STIC group, the staining results for IMP3 and p53 in the invasive cancer areas were very similar to those found in the areas of STIC (Figure 3) with the exception of the two cases. These two cases showed positive IMP3 and negative p53 in STIC, but they were reversed (negative IMP3 and positive p53) in the invasive component.

Interestingly, eight (20%) cases with negative expression for both IMP3 and p53 in STIC were also negative in the corresponding invasive areas (Table 3). In the patients of HGSC without STIC group, the overall staining results for these two markers were also similar to those cancer cells in the STIC group (Figure 4). The click here detailed results are presented in Table 3. Figure 4 IMP3 and p53 overexpression in invasive component of high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC). Example of invasive HGSC (top panel) showed positive for both p53 (mid panel) and IMP3 (low panel). Original magnifications: left panel, 40x; right panel, 200x. Discussion Although IMP3 expression, which is associated with tumor growth, progression, and unfavorable prognosis, has been explored in a number of human malignancies, only two studies on immunohistochemical analysis for IMP3 in ovarian cancers have been published. Kobel et al. demonstrated IMP3 expression in 86% of mucinous tumors, in about half of clear-cell and high-grade serous carcinomas, and in 27%

of endometrioid cancers [19]. Noske et al. detected expression of IMP3 in 32 (47%) of 68 ovarian carcinomas but did not report their findings according to various histologic types [33]. However, no studies have been addressed regarding the IMP3 expression in precursor or early lesions of HGSC of either tubal or “ovarian” origins. In this study, we have shown that IMP3 signatures, Benzatropine defined as strong positive cytoplasmic staining in more than 10 benign appearing consecutive tubal epithelia, were found in 15 (31%) of the 48 cases with STIC. This is in contrast to the benign control group, which showed no single IMP3 signature, found in 60 studied cases (p < 0.0001). Interestingly, the tubal IMP3 signature rate was also significantly higher than those in 10 (16%) of the 62 cancer cases without STIC (p < 0.05). Additionally, concordance expression of IMP3 and p53 signatures in the STIC group was found in up to one-third of the cases, while the remaining was either discordant or independent (Table 2).