We report comparator characteristics of the Zone population as weighted averages, weighting each Zone LSOA by its total population of residents living in that LSOA plus non-residents commuting to that LSOA. We used linear regression

to examine correlates of ‘mean number of trips’ (primary outcome), and logistic regression to examine correlates of ‘ever use’ (secondary outcome). We hypothesised that the association between socio-demographic explanatory variables and outcome variables might be affected by the geographical positioning of the scheme in relation to users, and by users’ decisions regarding HA-1077 when and how to register for the scheme. We therefore adjusted for these variables using a hierarchical modelling approach. Model one includes the socio-demographic variables (gender,;

place of residence,; and area-level income-deprivation, ethnicity and commuter behaviour); model two also adjusts for distance and density of BCH stations from the registered address; and model three further adjusts for month of registration and access type. We accounted for spatial autocorrelation using maximum likelihood estimation to fit three-level linear and logistic random intercept models, of individuals nested within LSOAs nested within boroughs (further details in supplementary material). STATA 11 was used for all statistical analyses and ARC GIS 9.2 was used Birinapant to create a map. Ethical

approval was granted by the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine’s ethics committee. Between 30th July 2010 and 23rd February 2011, 100,801 individuals registered to use the BCH scheme. Data was complete for 99,615 individuals (98.8%). A total of 2,497,919 trips were made between 30th July 2010 and 17th March 2011, below however one quarter (25.4%) of registered users made no trips in the recorded period. The mean total number of trips per registered user was 24.8, (standard deviation 47.9; 95%CI 24.5–25.1), with a mean of 4.15 (standard deviation 7.9; 95%CI 4.10–4.20) trips per user per month of registration. Among those whose gender was known, less than one fifth (18.4%) of the total number of trips were made by females. Over two-thirds (69.6%) of registered users were male, and approximately three-quarters (77.5%) had London postcodes. One-third (34.3%) lived within 500 m of a BCH docking station, and one-quarter (27.3%) had one or more BCH docking stations within a 250-metre radius of their address. Half (50.5%) registered within the first two months of the scheme, with registrations declining over time, perhaps partly due to the transition to winter. 58.7% of users registered for 1-day access and 37.1% registered for annual access. Males were more likely than females to be non-London residents (25.7% versus 13.9%) and to choose annual access (39.5% versus 30.6%).