According to Naraghi et al., papillary dermal fibrosis was a sensitive feature (96%), and it has achieved statistical significance as a discriminating factor [8]. Similar results were reported by Smoller else et al. [11] and Ackerman [13]. They had also pointed out that dermal fibrosis was a feature of late atrophic patches or plaques and was not encountered in early patches [11, 13]. But Apa et al. had reported that increase in the amount of dermal fibrosis was the most frequent parameter seen after phototherapy [1]. Since all of our cases were early-stage MF, the degree of alteration in fibrosis was consistent with studies of Naraghi and Ackerman.Epstein had reported that telangiectatic vessels may be conspicuous [16]. Dermal edema and vasculopathy were neither sensitive nor specific for MF [1, 8].

In our study, vascular changes were not established to have any characteristics for the diagnosis. This finding supports that NBUVB has no significant effect on the vascular structures which are not affected by the disease.Melanin pigmentation, melanocyte hyperplasia, and pigmentary incontinence can be seen in treatment with UV [17�C19]. In addition, UV light triggers apoptosis and leads to epidermal basal cell degeneration resulting from cytoplasmic swelling [20, 21]. We have found an increase in dermal melanophages after the treatment, which can be considered as a therapeutic side effect. After the treatment, absence of these secondary changes in responders and nonresponders supports this opinion.

Based on the data presented here, we think that some histological features, such as epidermotropism, changes of stratum corneum, epidermis, and dermis, can be used in determining the effectiveness of treatment. We have found that epidermotropism of atypical cells were important criteria in order to decide whether the disease was histopathologically present or not, and the secondary changes to NBUVB had no use for this purpose.
Erectile dysfunction (ED) is defined as the inability to maintain an adequate erection for satisfactory sexual intercourse [1]. The degree of erectile dysfunction can be objectified by the international index of erectile function (IIEF), which allows us to classify ED as mild, moderate, or severe based on the score [2]. Related causes of erectile dysfunction are variable and can include vascular, endocrinological, neurological, and psychological causes [3]. The most common causes often involve alterations in the vascular endothelium due to AV-951 atherosclerosis, which is a common physiopathological link between ED and cardiovascular disease (CD). Endothelial damage results in the reduced formation of nitric oxide, thereby decreasing blood flow, and negatively impacting erectile function [4].