In contrast, quasi-ultrafine PM alone had a significant effect on

In contrast, quasi-ultrafine PM alone had a significant effect on heart rate and in reducing heart rate variability.\n\nConclusion: These findings indicate that coarse and fine PM influence lung function and airways responsiveness, while ultrafine PM can perturb cardiac function. This study supports the hypothesis that coarse and fine PM exerts its predominant physiologic effects

at the site of deposition in the airways, whereas ultrafine PM likely crosses the alveolar epithelial barrier into the systemic circulation to affect cardiovascular function.”
“Purpose of review\n\nResults of clinical studies on targeted cancer therapies check details are rapidly accumulating. This is also true in the field of head and neck cancer (HNC). Due to the unique multidisciplinary

needs of the disease, it is of paramount importance that physicians who treat HNC are aware eFT-508 mouse of the evolving changes that research is offering.\n\nRecent findings\n\nMany targeted agents directed at inhibiting epithelial growth factor receptors (EGFRs) are under investigation in both curable loco-regional advanced disease in combination with standard treatments and in the recurrent metastatic setting. Human papilloma virus (HPV)-positive tumors present a distinct biological profile. Consequently, the role of targeted agents in this specific setting still needs to be refined. Herein we will briefly review the results of the most recent studies on targeted agents. Cetuximab and other monoclonal antibodies (panitumumab, zalotumumab and nimotumumab) have been already investigated in phase III studies; and some results are now available. Small molecules inhibiting EGFR www.selleckchem.com/products/gkt137831.html have still to prove their efficacy. Other agents such as vascular endothelial cell growth factor receptor, vascular endoinsulin-like growth factor 1 receptor, MET, PI3KA and mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor

are in development.\n\nSummary\n\nAt present treatment options in HNC are changing and include targeted agents with demonstrated efficacy. A better selection based on biological factors of patients who are potentially responsive to such targeted agents is being actively pursued.”
“We consider the problem of aligning two metabolic pathways. Unlike traditional approaches, we do not restrict the alignment to one-to-one mappings between the molecules (nodes) of the input pathways (graphs). We follow the observation that, in nature, different organisms can perform the same or similar functions through different sets of reactions and molecules. The number and the topology of the molecules in these alternative sets often vary from one organism to another. With the motivation that an accurate biological alignment should be able to reveal these functionally similar molecule sets across different species, we develop an algorithm that first measures the similarities between different nodes using a mixture of homology and topological similarity.

If it is possible to stabilize the patient prior to reaching the

If it is possible to stabilize the patient prior to reaching the hospital, he or she should be transported to a “Cardiac Arrest Centre”, this website so that both the therapeutic hypothermia and percutaneous coronary intervention can be carried out promptly. The German Resuscitation Registry (GRR) of the DGAI (German Association for Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine) was developed as an important tool for total

quality management in the treatment of OHCA. It is addressed to the responsible medical director of the EMS systems. Analysis of the GRR allows conclusions to be made concerning the structure, process and outcome of the participating EMS system compared to forecast parameters and the results of other participants.\n\nThis enables a Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT) analysis for the EMS system to be performed and should result in the initiation of targeted measures that both increase survival rates after OHCA and the quality of care.”
“Cement implantation syndrome, which is characterized by hypotension, hypoxemia, and cardiac arrhythmia or arrest, has been reported in the literature. The purpose of the present study was to monitor the blood pressure changes that

occur after cementing during primary total hip arthroplasty (THA). The present study examined 178 cases in which 204 joints were treated with primary THA. Study subjects had a mean age at the CA4P time of surgery of 64.5 years (range 35-89). Under general anesthesia, both hip components were cemented in place using an anterolateral approach. After cementing, systolic arterial blood pressure was measured at 1-min intervals for 5 min

and then again at 10 min. The maximum regulation ratio (MRR) was calculated buy SN-38 as follows: (maximum change in blood pressure – blood pressure before cement application) divided by blood pressure before cement application. No major complications, such as cardiac arrest, occurred in most cases; blood pressure increased until 4 mins on the acetabular side and until 2 min on the femoral side, and then gradually returned to the level observed prior to cement application. On the acetabular side, the mean MRR was 11.2 % [standard deviation (SD): 15.9; range -26 to -80], whereas it was 6.4 % (SD: 14.9; range -31 to -65) on the femoral side. Correlations were detected between MRR classification on the acetabular side and the subject’s age at the time of the operation or bleeding control status on the acetabular side. When bleeding control was judged as complete, the tendency for blood pressure to decrease was reduced. Conversely, when bleeding control was judged as good, blood pressure showed a greater tendency to decrease. In the present study, no episodes of major hypotension occurred. During THA involving the interface bioactive bone cement (IBBC) technique, when bleeding control on the acetabular side was judged as complete the tendency for blood pressure to decrease was reduced.

0072 +/- 0 028) > undrained forest (0 0025 +/- 0 053) > cle

0072 +/- 0.028) > undrained forest (0.0025 +/- 0.053) > clear-felled, drained, recovering forest (0.0022 +/- 0.021). The widest N2O flux range was detected in the drained Crenolanib ic50 forest (max. 2.312 and min. -0.043 mg N2O-N m(-2) h(-1)). At the other flux monitoring sites the flux ranges remained at about one tenth that of the drained forest site. The highest N2O emission rates were observed at water tables close to the peat surface where also the flux range was widest. Annual cumulative peat surface N2O emissions (expressed in CO2 equivalents as a percentage of the total greenhouse gas (N2O, CO2 and CH4) emissions) were 9.2% at highest, but typically similar to 1 %. Average N2O fluxes

selleck chemical and also the total of monitored GHG emissions were highest in drainage-affected forest which is characterized by continuous labile nitrogen availability from vegetation, and water tables typically below the surface.”
“Spousal abuse is a serious social problem, which includes a variety of physical, emotional, and sexual violence. Many studies conducted

on this subject in different countries show that the actual severity of this problem is far greater than it seems at first glance. Because legal medical centers are the main places where victims are referred, 500 abused victims who were directed to these centers during 2012 were asked to fill out preplanned forms and the collected data were analyzed using analytic methods. The results showed that the average age of the women was 32 years, and their husbands’ average age was 36 years. Most of the women had high school diplomas and they were living with their husbands and children. Most of the subjects were housekeepers and had married through their own choice and personal interest. In most of the cases, the initial instance of physical

3-deazaneplanocin A Epigenetics inhibitor abuse occurred in the first year after marriage, and the head and face were the most frequently injured parts of their body. In a high percentage of cases, the partner was drunk, addicted, or had a history of mental illness. A significant relationship was found between alcohol and drug abuse with domestic violence in this study.”
“Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) and related enterobacteria rely on a type III secretion system (T3SS) effector NleE to block host NF-kappa B signaling. NleE is a first in class, novel S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM)-dependent methyltransferase that methylates a zinc-coordinating cysteine in the Npl4-like Zinc Finger (NZF) domains in TAB2/3 adaptors in the NF-kappa B pathway, but its mechanism of action and other human substrates are unknown. Here we solve crystal structure of NleE-SAM complex, which reveals a methyltransferase fold different from those of known ones. The SAM, cradled snugly at the bottom of a deep and narrow cavity, adopts a unique conformation ready for nucleophilic attack by the methyl acceptor.


“The objective of this study was to characterize


“The objective of this study was to characterize S63845 inhibitor changes in metabolic bone parameters following bariatric surgery. Seventy-three obese adult patients who underwent either gastric banding (GB), Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), or biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch (BPD/DS) were followed prospectively for 18 months postoperatively. Changes in the calcium-vitamin D axis (25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD), 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)(2)D), calcium, parathyroid hormone (PTH)), markers

of bone formation (osteocalcin, bone-specific alkaline phosphatase) and resorption (urinary N-telopeptide (NTx)), as well as bone mineral density (BMD) were assessed at 3-month intervals during this time period. Bariatric surgery resulted in significant and progressive weight loss over 18 months. With supplementation, 25OHD levels increased 65.3% (P < 0.0001) by 3 months, but leveled off and decreased < 30 ng/ml by 18 months. PTH initially decreased 21.4% (P = 0.01) at 3 months, but later approached presurgery levels. 1,25(OH)(2)D increased significantly starting at month 12 (50.3% increase from baseline, P = 0.008), and was positively associated with PTH (r = 0.82, P = 0.0001). When stratified selleck chemicals by surgery type, median PTH and 1,25(OH)(2)D levels were higher following combined restrictive and malabsorptive operations (RYGB and BPD/DS) compared to GB. Bone formation/resorption

markers were increased by 3 months (P < 0.05) and remained elevated through 18 months. Radial BMD decreased 3.5% by month 18, but this change was not significant (P = 0.23). Our findings show that after transient improvement, preoperative vitamin

D insufficiency and secondary hyperparathyroidism persisted following surgery despite supplementation. Postoperative secondary hyperparathyroidism was associated with increased 1,25(OH)(2)D levels and increased bone turnover markers.”
“Methods: We studied the effects of the CB1 antagonist Rimonabant on food intake, body weight, body composition, energy metabolism and bone physiology in wild-type (WT) and NPY knockout (NPY-/-) mice. Rimonabant was administered orally at 10 mg/kg body weight twice per day for 3 weeks. Oral PND-1186 Rimonabant was delivered voluntarily to mice via a novel method enabling studies to be carried out in the absence of gavage-induced stress.\n\nResults: Mice with dual blockade of CB1 and NPY signalling (Rimonabant-treated NPY-/- mice) exhibited greater reductions in body weight and adiposity than mice with single blockade of either system alone (Rimonabant-treated WT or vehicle-treated NPY-/- mice). These changes occurred without loss of lean tissue mass or bone mass. Furthermore, Rimonabant-treated NPY-/- mice showed a lower respiratory exchange ratio than that seen in Rimonabant-treated WT or vehicle-treated NPY-/- mice, suggesting that this additive effect of dual blockade of CB1 and NPY involves promotion of lipid oxidation.


“CASE: Joseph is a 24-months old boy referred by his pedia


“CASE: Joseph is a 24-months old boy referred by his pediatrician because of an “obsession” with pulling and eating hair. When Joseph was 14 months old, he enjoyed touching and twirling his mother’s long hair. She observed that it seemed to provide comfort to him. At 18 months, he initiated pulling out and eating his own hair, twirling his mother’s hair around his thumb and then sucking on it. Currently, he searches the carpet or a hard floor and looks for hair to eat. The identical behavior is observed at daycare. Joseph’s teacher commented, “He pulled hair from a

girl who has the longest hair of all the children. We try to distract him from this habit, but he is not distracted for long.” Less frequently, Joseph has also eaten sand, chalk, and crayons at daycare. Joseph’s mother describes him as a “happy and outgoing” child who interacts selleck chemicals with his peers and has a best friend at the daycare. There have not been recent changes or stressful events in Autophagy Compound Library in vivo his life. Joseph separates from his mother with ease and he sleeps comfortably through the night in his own bed. There have been no episodes of nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, or constipation. Strands of hair are occasionally seen in the stool. Prenatal and perinatal history was unremarkable. Joseph was breast-fed for 11

months, described as an “easy” baby, achieved motor, social, and language developmental milestones at the usual time, and has been in excellent health. He lives with his mother and maternal grandparents; the biological father has never been involved in his care. At 20 months, Joseph’s pediatrician suggested cutting his hair. After several haircuts, Joseph stopped pulling his own hair. However,

he continued to search the floor for hair. Hemoglobin and a blood lead level were normal. Joseph appeared pleasant and friendly with normal growth parameters and facial features. He was sitting comfortably on his mother’s lap, sucking on his thumb. Social interactions with his mother were appropriate and reciprocal. He warmed up quickly to the examiner and engaged in play. He spoke in two to three word sentences and responded to questions with a speech pattern that was 50% intelligible. Physical and developmental Cytoskeletal Signaling inhibitor examinations were normal. At the end of the examination, Joseph searched his mother’s purse and located a piece of hair. He twirled the hair around his thumb and sucked on it. Initially, he refused to remove his thumb from his mouth. With gentle persuasion, he eventually removed his thumb and agreed to throw the hair in the trash. He did not appear distressed.”
“The change of fatigue damage behavior depending on an applied stress level in carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) laminates was evaluated quantitatively in this study. To evaluate damage growth, the energies released due to transverse crack propagation and delamination growth per unit length with consideration of transverse crack propagation were derived.

There is a decrease in the incidence of high-grade PIN in patient

There is a decrease in the incidence of high-grade PIN in patients treated with combination androgen deprivation therapy (LHRH agonist and anti-androgen). Changes include increased apoptosis, decreased mitotic activity, less conspicuous nucleoli, and basal-layer prominence. Treatment with the Sa-reductase inhibitor finasteride

results in a significant decrease in the incidence of high-grade PIN. The effect of 5 alpha-reductase inhibitors and selective estrogen receptor modulators on histopathologic evaluation Selleck CB-839 remains unclear, as the number of cases evaluated is small, but new data will be forthcoming with completion of multiple clinical trials.”
“Eleven new protolimonoids, chisopanins A-K (1-11), were isolated from the twigs of Chisocheton paniculatus, as well as thirteen known (12-24) protolimonoids. The structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analysis, X-ray crystallographic analysis, and chemical methods.

Chisopanins A and B (1 and 2) possessing uncommon hemiketal tetrahydropyran ring at C-17 showed the most potent inhibitory activities on lipopolysaccharide-stimulated inflammation factor-release with IC(50) values at 5.4 and 7.9 mu M for NO, and at 26.9 and 30.7 mu M for TNF-alpha, respectively. In addition, compounds 5-7, 9, 12, 13, and 20 were potent to inhibit NO production with IC(50) value lower than 10 mu M. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“The CH5183284 purchase interaction of native calf thymus DNA (CT-DNA) with quercetin-terbium(III)[Q-Tb(III)] complex at physiological pH was monitored by UV absorption spectrophotometry, circular dichroism, fluorescence spectroscopy, and viscosimetric techniques. The complex displays binding properties to the CT-DNA and was found to interact with CT-DNA through outside binding, demonstrated

by a hypochromic effect of Q-Tb(III) on the UV spectra of CT-DNA and the calculated association constants (K). Also, decrease in the specific viscosity of CT-DNA, decrease in the fluorescence intensity of Q-Tb(III) solutions in the presence of increasing amounts of CT-DNA, and detectable changes in the circular dichroism spectrum of CT-DNA are other evidences to indicate that Q-Tb(III) complex interact with CT-DNA through outside binding.”
“Dopamine D3 receptors (D3Rs) have been implicated in behavioral sensitization to various LY2835219 ic50 drugs of abuse, but their role in ethanol (EtOH) sensitization has not been directly examined. We used D3R knockout (D3 KO) mice to examine whether the D3R plays a permissive role in EtOH and amphetamine (AMPH) sensitization. We also investigated whether EtOH sensitization is accompanied by alterations in D3R mRNA expression or binding.\n\nAfter comparing EtOH sensitization in C57Bl/6 mice and DBA/2 mice, D3 KO, wild type (WT), and for comparison, D1 and D2 KOs received five biweekly injections of EtOH (2.2 g/kg, i.p.) or saline. Another group of D3 KOs and WT controls received six times AMPH (1.

However, surgery is often a high-risk procedure because of severe

However, surgery is often a high-risk procedure because of severe medical comorbidities affecting this cohort of patients. Thermal ablation (TA) has recently been proposed to achieve destruction of lung tumours whilst avoiding the use of general anaesthesia, thereby limiting the invasiveness of the procedure. For pulmonary malignancies, there are two methods

of TA based on tissue heating: radio frequency ablation (RFA) and microwave ablation (MWA). Both are mini-invasive procedures, delivering energy to the tumour through single or multiple percutaneous needles introduced under guidance of computed tomography. The procedure may be performed under conscious sedation or general anaesthesia to avoid pain caused by needle insertion and tissue heating. Local efficacy is directly correlated to tumour target size: for RFA, tumours smaller than 2 cm can be completed ablated in 78-96% of cases; for AZD1208 mouse MWA-according to the largest available study-95% of initial ablations are reported to be successful for tumours smaller than 5 cm. Very few series provide survival data beyond 3 years. For nodules smaller than 3 cm, the registered survival rate is higher: 50% at five years. The data collected in the

last 10 years allow us to conclude that TA is an established alternative treatment for patients who cannot undergo surgery because of their compromised general condition. In the case of pulmonary metastasis, most authors agree to offer TA only FG-4592 mw if lesions are smaller than 5 cm.”
“Background: Malignant lymphoma (ML)

is one of the most common Roscovitine concentration cancers and is most prevalent in developed countries. The distribution of different subtypes of ML varies in the different geographical locations according to World Health Organization (WHO) classification. Aims and Objectives: The study was aimed to analyze different patterns of ML in Eastern India and to compare it with other geographical locations. Materials and Methods: Four hundred and fifty five patients of two large hospitals in Eastern India were included over a period of four years and were categorized according to WHO classification, using morphology and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Results: There were 347 (76.3%) non Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL), and 108 (23.7%) Hodgkin lymphomas (HL). Diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) was the most common of the NHL type (35.2%) followed by the follicular lymphoma (19.3%). B cell lymphoblastic lymphoma was the least common type of NHL (1.4%). Mixed cellularity (33.3%) and nodular sclerosis (26.9%) were the two most common type of HL. Childhood lymphoma comprised of 12.5% of all ML. T cell NHL and HL were the common lymphomas in this age group. Conclusion: Incidence of follicular lymphoma is lower compared to western studies and mixed cellularity is most common subtype of HL unlike nodular sclerosis subtype in western world.

The authors recommend that, in order to meet patients’ psychosoci

The authors recommend that, in order to meet patients’ psychosocial needs effectively, ambulance clinicians are provided with education and training in a number of skills and their own psychosocial support should be enhanced.”
“The objective of this

study was to identify risk factors for low birth weight in singleton live born infants in Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil, in 2003, based on data from the Information System on Live Births. The study used both LDK378 inhibitor classical multivariate and multilevel logistic regression. Risk factors were evaluated at two levels: individual (live births) and contextual (microregions). At the individual level the two models showed a significant association between low birth weight and prematurity, number of prenatal visits, congenital anomalies, place of delivery, parity, sex, maternal age, maternal occupation, marital status, schooling, and type of delivery. In the multilevel models,

the greater the urbanization of the micro-region, the higher the risk of low birth weight, while in less urbanized microregions, single mothers had an increased risk of low birth considering all live births. Low birth weight varied according to micro-region and was associated with individual and contextual characteristics. Although most of the variation in low birth weight occurred at the individual level, the multilevel model identified an important risk factor in the contextual find more level.”
“Major trauma remains a significant

cause of mortality and morbidity in young people and adolescents throughout the western world. Both the physical and psychological consequences of trauma are well documented and it is shown that peri-traumatic factors play a large part in the emotional recovery of children involved in trauma. Indeed, parental anxiety levels may play one of the biggest roles. There are no publically available guidelines on pre-hospital accompaniment, and where research has been done on parental presence it often focuses primarily on the parents or staff, rather than the child themselves. Whilst acknowledging the impact on parents and staff, the importance of the emotional wellbeing of the child should be reinforced, to reduce the likelihood of Dinaciclib cost developing symptoms in keeping with post-traumatic stress disorder. This non-systematic literature review, aims to examine the impact of parental accompaniment to hospital, following paediatric trauma, and to help pre-hospital clinicians decide whether accompaniment would be of benefit to their patient population. The lack of published data does not enable a formal recommendation of parental accompaniment in the helicopter to be mandated, though it should be the preference in land based conveyance. Future research is needed into the emotional recovery of children after trauma, as well as the experiences of patient, parent and staff during conveyance.

Percent live hard coral cover consistently performed poorly as an

Percent live hard coral cover consistently performed poorly as an indicator

of coral species richness. This study advances the practical framework for optimizing coral reef monitoring programs and empirically demonstrates that generic richness offers an effective way to predict coral species richness with a moderate level of precision. While the accuracy of species richness estimates will decrease in communities dominated by species-rich genera (e.g. Acropora), generic richness provides a useful measure of phylogenetic diversity and incorporating this metric into monitoring programs will KU-57788 research buy increase the likelihood that changes in coral species diversity can be detected.”
“In eukaryotes, dolichols (C70-120) play indispensable roles as glycosyl carrier lipids in the biosynthesis of glycoproteins on endoplasmic reticulum. In addition to dolichols, seed plants have other types of Z,E-mixed polyisoprenoids termed ficaprenol

(tri-trans,poly-cis-polyprenol, C45-75) and betulaprenol (di-trans,poly-cis-polyprenol, C30-45 and C=70) in abundance. However, the Selleck Quizartinib physiological significance of these polyprenols has not been elucidated because of limited information regarding cis-prenyltransferases (cPTs) which catalyze the formation of the structural backbone of Z,E-mixed polyisoprenoids. In the comprehensive identification and characterization of cPT homologues from Arabidopsis thaliana, AtHEPS was identified as a novel cis,trans-mixed heptaprenyl diphosphate synthase. AtHEPS heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli catalyzed the formation of C35 polyisoprenoid as a major product, independent of the chain lengths of all-trans allylic primer substrates. Kinetic analyses revealed that farnesyl diphosphate was the most favorable for AtHEPS among the allylic substrates tested suggesting that AtHEPS was responsible for the formation of C35 betulaprenol.

AtHEPS partially suppressed the phenotypes of a yeast cPT mutant deficient in the biosynthesis of dolichols. Moreover, in A. thaliana cells, subcellular localization of AtHEPS on the endoplasmic reticulum was shown by using green fluorescent protein fused proteins. However, a cold-stress-inducible expression of AtHEPS suggested that AtHEPS and its product might function in response to abiotic stresses rather than in cell maintenance as a glycosyl carrier lipid on the endoplasmic reticulum.”
“Trametes cervina OICR-9429 lignin peroxidase (LiP) lacks a catalytic tryptophan strictly conserved in other LiP and versatile peroxidases. It contains tyrosine(181) at the potential catalytic site. This protein and the well-characterized Phanerochaete chrysosporium LiP with the catalytic tryptophan(171) have been chemically modified: the tryptophan-specific modification with N-bromosuccinimide sufficiently disrupted oxidation of veratryl alcohol by P. chrysosporium LiP, whereas the activity of T. cervina LiP was not affected, suggesting no catalytic tryptophan in T. cervina LiP.

W/M) Four alternative cropping systems were designed with optimu

W/M). Four alternative cropping systems were designed with optimum water and N management, i.e. optimized winter wheat and summer maize (Opt. W/M), three harvests every two years (first year, winter wheat and summer maize or soybean; second year, fallow then spring maize – W/M-M and W/S-M), and single

spring maize per year (M). Our results show that Rs responded mainly to the seasonal variation in T but was also greatly affected by straw return, root growth and soil moisture changes under different cropping systems. The mean seasonal CO2 emissions in Con. W/M were 16.8 and 15.1 Mg CO2 Quizartinib ic50 ha(-1) for summer maize and winter wheat, respectively, without straw return. They increased significantly by 26 and 35% in Opt. W/M, respectively, with straw return. Under the new alternative cropping systems with straw return, W/M-M showed similar Rs to Opt. W/M, but total CO2 emissions of W/S-M decreased sharply relative to Opt. W/M when soybean was planted to replace summer maize. Total CO2 emissions expressed as the complete rotation cycles of W/S-M, Con. W/M and M treatments were not significantly different. Seasonal CO2 emissions were significantly

correlated with the sum of carbon inputs of straw return from the previous season and the aboveground biomass in the current season, which explained 60% of seasonal CO2 emissions. selleck compound T and VWC% explained up to 65% of Rs using the exponential-power and double exponential models, and the impacts

of tillage and straw return must therefore be considered for accurate modeling of Rs in this geographical region.”
“The emergence of new microscopy techniques in combination with the increasing resource of bioimaging data has given fresh impetus to utilizing image processing methods for studying biological processes. Cell tracking studies in particular, which are important for a wide Cytoskeletal Signaling inhibitor range of biological processes such as embryonic development or the immune system, have recently become the focus of attention. These studies typically produce large volumes of data that are hard to investigate manually and therefore call for an automated approach. Due to the large variety of biological cells and the inhomogeneity of applications, however, there exists no widely accepted method or system for cell tracking until today. In this article, we present our publicly available DYNAMIK software environment that allows users to compute a suit of cell features and plot the trajectory of multiple cells over a sequence of frames. Using chemotaxis and Ras pathways as an example, we show how users can employ our software to compute statistics about cell motility and other cell information, and how to evaluate their test series based on the data computed. We see that DYNAMIK’s segmentation and tracking compares favorably with the output produced by other software packages.