Triplicate independent experiments were performed. Cells were transfected with plasmids expressing Cdc25C (OriGene, Rockville, MD), TCTP, and hemagglutinin (HA)-tagged ubiquitin (HA-Ub) (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO), either alone or in combination. For inhibition of proteasome-mediated protein degradation, cells were treated with 20 μM proteasome inhibitor MG132 (Calbiochem, San Diego, CA) for 6 hours before harvest. Cell lysates were analyzed by western blotting with anti-Cdc25C, anti-TCTP, or anti-HA (Santa Cruz) antibodies. Remaining cell lysates were immunoprecipitated with 5 μg of anti-Cdc25C antibody and 100 μL of protein G agarose provided
by the immunoprecipitation Everolimus research buy kit (Roche). For analysis of Cdc25C stability in metaphase, cells were synchronized at prometaphase and then released in completed medium with 50 μg/mL of
cycloheximide (CHX; Calbiochem) and harvested at 0, 30, 60, 120, and 300 minutes. Approximately 2 × 106 of TCTP-7703 or Vec-7703 cells were injected subcutaneously into the right or left dorsal flank of 4-5-week-old BALB/cAnN-nu (nude) mice, respectively. Tumor volume was measured weekly and calculated by the following formula: V = 0.5 × W2 × L. All animal experiments were approved by, and performed in accord with, the Committee of the Use of Live Animals in Teaching and Research at the University of click here Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China). Xenograft tumor samples were thoroughly washed and minced into ∼1 mm3 pieces and incubated in 1× Accumax (Innovative Cell Technologies, Inc., San Diego, CA) diluted in phosphate-buffered saline, according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Single-cell suspension was obtained by filtering the supernatant through 100 μm, followed by a 40-μm cell strainer (BD). Approximately 30%-40% confluent cells were seeded in 35-mm diameter CELLview dishes (Greiner Bio-One GmbH, Frickenhausen, Germany). Cells were observed using the PerkinElmer Spinning
Confocal/Widefield Imaging system (PerkinElmer, Waltham, MA). Time-lapse images were recorded at 3-minute intervals for 24 hours with a 63× objective lens. Image analysis was performed using Metamorph off-line software and ImageJ. Clinicopathological features in patients selleck chemicals llc with overexpression and patients without overexpression were compared using nonparametric cross-tabs analysis (chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test) for categorical variables. Based on the fold-change values of TCTP, TCTP expression levels in HCC tissues and their matched nontumor tissues were compared using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Kaplan-Meier plots and log-rank tests were used for survival analysis. Spearman correlation coefficients were used to evaluate the positive correlation between CHD1L and TCTP in clinical samples. The independent Student’s t test was used to compare number of foci, tumor size, and luciferase activity between any two preselected groups. A P value less than 0.